Silver Protection. A Norwegian bride traditionally wears a silver crown with dangling charms to ward off evil spirits. Five Parties. One Celebration. Wedding celebrations can involve five parties in some parts of the Middle East, beginning with the engagement party and ending with the wedding shower, seven days after the marriage. and history of Vietnam. The aim of this monograph is to provide rehabilitation providers in the U.S. with basic information on Vietnamʼs culture, people and disability issues so they can better serve Vietnamese with disabilities in the U.S. Cultural Values Vietnamese cultural values emphasize the importance of family and community. Generally, folk religions and beliefs vary between regions and ethnicities. Some minorities in North Vietnam practise a form of worship that honours all living things. This philosophy holds reverence for the ecosystem, believing that anything with a lifecycle (e.g. plant, animal, person) has a soul or spirit. The traditional beliefs of Vietnam The nature and size of culture and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing behavior, and well-being were examined in five cultural groups in The Netherlands (1,104 Dutch mainstreamers, 249 Turkish-, 200 Moroccan-, 126 Surinamese-, and 94 Antillean-Dutch). Acculturative changes in gender-role beliefs and sharing behavior in the immigrant groups were also addressed. It was shown 1. Bóndadagur - Husband's Day. Bóndadagur, or Husband's Day, takes place on the first day of Thorri, which is the fourth winter month. On the day, husbands - or significant, male others - enjoy extra-special treatment, often receiving a number of gifts and being cooked a traditional feast associated with Thorri. 2. Fast Money. AbstractIn this chapter we shall describe the way in which some Vietnamese people cope with death and dying. The beliefs, fears and rituals of people in the north of Vietnam are investigated. Despite some cultural differences, they are quite similar to people in other parts of the and dyingBeliefFearRitualAttitude ReferencesDieu Hien, T., & Hoang, R. N. 2000. Death rituals in Vietnamese society. Seattle University of Washington. Google Scholar Gruenewald, D. A., & White, E. J. 2006. The illness experience of older adults near the end of life A systematic review. Anesthesiology Clinics, 24, 16380. Google Scholar Hanh, T. N. 2003. No death, no fear Comforting wisdom for life Reissue edition. New York Riverhead. Google Scholar Owens, C. O., & Lundgren, K. 2002. Medical examiner dialogue Vietnamese Buddhist. Seattle University of Washington. Google Scholar Rao, J. K., Anderson, L. A., & Smith, S. M. 2002. End of life is a public health issue. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 233, Google Scholar Scherer, Y., Jezewski, M. A., Graves, B., Wu, Y. W. B., & Bu, X. 2006. Advance directives and end-of-life decision making survey of critical care nurses knowledge, attitude, and experience. Critical Care Nurse, 264, 30– Google Scholar Vietnamese Cultural Profile. 2009. Diversicare, PO Box 5199. Google Scholar Wright, A. A., et al. 2008. Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment. JAMA, 30014, Google Scholar Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsHanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, VietnamNguyen Duc Son & Giap Binh NgaAuthorsNguyen Duc SonYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarGiap Binh NgaYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarCorresponding authorCorrespondence to Nguyen Duc Son .Editor informationEditors and AffiliationsHampshire College Retired, Amherst, MA, USAHelaine SelinEmeritus Professor of Politics and Environmental Studies, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USARobert M. RakoffRights and permissionsCopyright information© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AGAbout this chapterCite this chapterSon, Nga, 2019. Death and Dying Belief, Fear and Ritual in Vietnamese Culture. In Selin, H., Rakoff, eds Death Across Cultures. Science Across Cultures The History of Non-Western Science, vol 9. Springer, Cham. 02 July 2019 Publisher Name Springer, Cham Print ISBN 978-3-030-18825-2 Online ISBN 978-3-030-18826-9eBook Packages Social SciencesSocial Sciences R0 Vietnamese culture and traditions date back thousands of years and they live by a set of shared values. Some of the important values in Vietnamese culture include not being perceived as embarrassing or aggressive, strong academics, respect for elders, optimism, and downplaying individualism in favor of family and community. Art, Literature, Music, and DanceArt in Vietnam is mainly influenced by Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Silk painting is a popular art form and is very colorful. Calligraphy and woodblock prints are also popular art forms. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Many Vietnamese people live by Confucianism, which is more of a social philosophy than a religion. It has a code of conduct that regulates relations between people. It revolves around the belief that if people are in harmony with one another, they will be in harmony with the universe. It places Vietnamese values of good name, respect, love of learning, and loyalty to the family at the forefront. Confucianism is prevalent in many of the aforementioned festivals and ceremonies. Faiths of VietnamBuddhism is the mainstream religion in Vietnam. It is widely accepted and practiced by a little over half of the population. Eleven religions are recognized in Vietnam. The next most prevalent after Buddhism are Catholicism, Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, and Protestantism. Other religions beyond these five make up only of the population. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Traditions in Vietnam are very important. The traditional dress consists of a long gown with pants underneath, called an ao dai. Red symbolizes luck, white and black symbolize mourning. Vietnamese weddings and funerals both contain important ceremonies. The weddings consist of multiple months of preparation, including a proposal ceremony, engagement ceremony, nuptial ceremony, and feast celebration. Funerals consist of a wake at home, sometimes for several days, followed by a funeral and elaborate funeral procession. Tet Nguyen Dan, or lunar new year, is the biggest celebration in Vietnamese culture. It is celebrated for several days with special meals and traditions. Liberation Day and National Day are civic holidays celebrated in Vietnam. Three popular religious holidays are Wandering Souls Day, Buddha's Birthday, and the Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival. Vietnamese culture and values date back thousands of years and are deeply ingrained. Popular art forms are silk painting, calligraphy, and woodblock prints. Music varies based on the area in Vietnam. Dance is diverse and important for ceremonies and traditions. Some dance is very intricate and requires much practice. Vietnamese martial arts is growing in popularity around the world. It follows the philosophy Viet Vo Dao. Confucianism drives much of the values in Vietnam. Important values include respecting elders, valuing food, quiet demeanor/saving face, respect, loyalty to the family, and gift-giving. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account The Vietnamese society has a strong system of values and ethics that define the actions of most individuals. It's based on four pillars, which are the good name, respect, learning, and family. Having a good name is fundamental and more important than any material possession. A person with a good reputation is respected and admired, while someone who has a bad name is often marginalized. People work on building a good name during their entire lives and try to leave a positive image after their death. Respect is a central part of the Vietnamese values system. People are expected to show respect to every individual, especially those who are older or hold a higher status. Such regard is commonly expressed in words and actions, including specific linguistic titles and body gestures. Learning is considered more valuable than wealth, and knowledge is seen as a virtue. Highly educated people, like scholars or teachers, enjoy a high esteem, respect, and veneration. Learning is regarded as a fundamental step for improving socioeconomic status. The family is the heart of the Vietnamese culture, and loyalty to it is a fundamental value. Each individual is expected to care for his family and to make efforts for becoming a reason of pride for them. Similarly, an individual's wrongdoing is often blamed both on him and his family. Culture and TraditionsRegardless of modern western influences and some restrictions imposed by the communist regime, many traditional elements are still present in the Vietnamese culture, and people feel proud of their unique customs and celebrations. The ao dai is popularly considered the national dress. It consists of a long tunic-like gown with splits on the side that go up to the waist. It's worn over trousers that almost touch the floor. The ao dai used to be worn by men and women but now is almost exclusively a feminine attire often made to fit the body. On a daily basis, however, most people wear western clothes. Buddhism is the main religion in Vietnam, and both the Theravada and the Mahayana currently coexist. Confucianism, Taoism and Catholicism are also present, with a smaller number of followers. Given the importance of the family, many people live with their extended families. Several generations often share the same house and many daily activities. Traditional marriage rituals include two ceremonies. The first in an engagement celebration in which the groom and family visit the bride and family and bring them presents. Both families decide the date for the wedding. The nuptial ceremony includes another visit to the bride's house to take her to the groom's place. There, the couple prays at an altar, the union is consecrated, and a reception is held. Families see elders with esteem, and it's common to organize special celebrations of longevity when someone reaches a milestone age, like 60, 70 and so on. It's an occasion to show respect and devotion, and the honoree receives gifts. Red dresses are a common gift for older women. VietnamLocated south of China, east of Laos and Cambodia, and with a long coastline over the South China Sea, we find Vietnam. This nation of Southeast Asia has a beautiful and rich culture, shaped by centuries of combining traditions and foreign influences. Among other things, the Vietnamese are known for their hospitality, respectful manners, and delicious food. ValuesThe Vietnamese society has a strong system of values and ethics that define the actions of most individuals. It's based on four pillars, which are the good name, respect, learning, and family. Having a good name is fundamental and more important than any material possession. A person with a good reputation is respected and admired, while someone who has a bad name is often marginalized. People work on building a good name during their entire lives and try to leave a positive image after their death. Respect is a central part of the Vietnamese values system. People are expected to show respect to every individual, especially those who are older or hold a higher status. Such regard is commonly expressed in words and actions, including specific linguistic titles and body gestures. Learning is considered more valuable than wealth, and knowledge is seen as a virtue. Highly educated people, like scholars or teachers, enjoy a high esteem, respect, and veneration. Learning is regarded as a fundamental step for improving socioeconomic status. The family is the heart of the Vietnamese culture, and loyalty to it is a fundamental value. Each individual is expected to care for his family and to make efforts for becoming a reason of pride for them. Similarly, an individual's wrongdoing is often blamed both on him and his family. Culture and TraditionsRegardless of modern western influences and some restrictions imposed by the communist regime, many traditional elements are still present in the Vietnamese culture, and people feel proud of their unique customs and celebrations. The ao dai is popularly considered the national dress. It consists of a long tunic-like gown with splits on the side that go up to the waist. It's worn over trousers that almost touch the floor. The ao dai used to be worn by men and women but now is almost exclusively a feminine attire often made to fit the body. On a daily basis, however, most people wear western clothes. Buddhism is the main religion in Vietnam, and both the Theravada and the Mahayana currently coexist. Confucianism, Taoism and Catholicism are also present, with a smaller number of followers. Given the importance of the family, many people live with their extended families. Several generations often share the same house and many daily activities. Traditional marriage rituals include two ceremonies. The first in an engagement celebration in which the groom and family visit the bride and family and bring them presents. Both families decide the date for the wedding. The nuptial ceremony includes another visit to the bride's house to take her to the groom's place. There, the couple prays at an altar, the union is consecrated, and a reception is held. Families see elders with esteem, and it's common to organize special celebrations of longevity when someone reaches a milestone age, like 60, 70 and so on. It's an occasion to show respect and devotion, and the honoree receives gifts. Red dresses are a common gift for older women. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Cao Dai temple in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The majority religions in Vietnam are unique to the country and include Vietnamese folk religion, Buddhism, Roman Catholicism, Caodaism, and Christian Protestantism. An overview of these religions is available below. Vietnamese Folk Religion - Vietnamese folk religion is the dominant religion in Vietnam. Some of these most common folk religions include Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương is an organized folk religion in Vietnam that takes some of its religious traditions from elements of Buddhism. That religion was started by a Vietnamese mystic named Đoàn Minh Huyên 1807–1856 who while living in the Thất Sơn mountains claimed to be a living embodiment of Buddha. Currently, there are around 15,000 followers of the religion throughout Vietnam. Minh Đạo Minh Đạo is a religion that has its roots from the Xiantiandao Tiên Thiên Đạo religion of China. That religion started to emerge in Vietnam around the city of Saigon in the 17th Century just as the Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 of China declined and lost influence in Vietnam. For most of its history the religion focused in literature, helping the poor and worship but took on a more nationalistic tone at the beginning of the 20th Century. Đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa Đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa is an organized folk religion in Vietnam that was founded at some point towards the end of the 19th Century. The religion currently has around 80,000 practitioners, mostly farmers throughout out the south of Vietnam, with most of them located in the Tri Tôn district of the country. Đạo Mẫu This Vietnamese folk religion worships the various mother goddesses of Vietnam, a practice that has gone on in Vietnam since its prehistory. These include, but are not limited to, the worshiping of such goddesses as Bà Chúa Xứ The Lady of the Realm and Bà Chúa Kho The Lady of the Storehouse, as well as actual people, including the female warrior Lady Triệu 225-248 AD and the Trung Sisters, who were female military leaders. Buddhism - Buddhism is believed to have arrived in Vietnam from China at some point starting in the 2nd Century. Buddhism in Vietnam does not have any institutional structures, hierarchy, or sanghas that most traditional Buddhists follow, since it has grown in isolation in a symbiotic way with Taoism and other native religions in Vietnam. Catholicism - Roman Catholic Christianity first came into contact with Vietnam in the 16th Century via Portuguese Catholic missionaries who first came to the country shortly after the Portuguese made contact and starting trading. The Portuguese had mild success, but it was not until Vietnam became a French colony French Indochina 1887-1954 that Catholicism made a definitive dent in the country. In 1933 John Baptist Nguyễn Bá Tòng was made the first Vietnamese bishop and by 1976 the first Vietnamese cardinal, Archbishop Joseph Mary Trịnh Như Khuê was ordained. Caodaism - Caodaism, also known as the Cao Đài faith, is an organized monotheistic folk religion that is unique to Vietnam. That religion started was officially established in 1926 in the the city of Tây Ninh where the Declaration of the Founding of the Cao Đài Religion was signed and shown to the French Governor for approval. The religion quickly grew rapidly popular with its appeal towards nationalist spirit, message of universal salvation and its ability to bring together underground sects in Vietnam. Protestantism - Protestant Christianity first came to Vietnam in the early 20th Century when the Canadian Christian and Missionary Alliance C&MA missionary Robert A. Jaffray 1873-1954 visited the city of Da Nang in 1911. In 1963 the Evangelical Church of Vietnam North ECVN was officially recognized by the government. However, it was not until 2001 that another Protestant church, the Southern Evangelical Church of Vietnam SECV, was officially recognized. Since then more Protestant churches have been recognized by the government. Hoahaoism - Hoa Hao is a religious based on Buddhism that was established in 1939 by Huỳnh Phú Sổ 1920-47. Followers of Hoa Hao consider Huỳnh Phú Sổ to be a prophet and that the religion is the continuation of the Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương folk religion foundered by Đoàn Minh Huyên. Both Sổ and Huyên are also believed to have been living Buddhas and that they are destined to protect the country. The religion places a strong emphasis on temple worship, ordination and stress aid to the poor and helping peasant farmers. Both Buddhism and Hoa Hao are is recognized as one of the six state religions of Vietnam. Other - Other religions in Vietnam include Taoism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and irreligion. Religious Beliefs In Vietnam RankReligionPopulation Percentage 1Vietnamese folk Home Society Major Religions in Vietnam

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